Suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation happen for many reasons, including a mixture of push (factors persuading people to move out of a place) and pull (factors attracting people to another place) factors. As mentioned earlier, better public transport and infrastructure were a major aspect of the bidding process. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/olympic-delivery-authority-report Accessed 17 January 2018. For the most part, predictions showed that on event days, 78% of spectators were likely to travel from within London and only 22% from the rest of the UK and Europe. Show answer . 1978: Eleven die in sleeper train inferno. This was the largest transport project proposed for London, and it was widely assumed in the early stages of the bidding process that the games could not be won without a guarantee that it would be completed before the games. Five new neighbourhoods are being established around the park to include 11,000 residences, one third of which will be affordable housing. Industrialisation started slowly in Stratford, but the Metropolitan Building Act, the arrival of the railway, and the creation of the nearby Royal Docks saw a massive acceleration in industrialisation. The plans would contribute to the regeneration of Stratford in east London, which would be the site of the Olympic Park, and of the neighbouring Lower Lea Valley.[7]. It is clear that regeneration projects differ considerably depending on the circumstances and the resources available. The need for compulsory purchase orders was also highlighted as a possible problem for the Olympic Park, but IOC did not expect this to cause any "undue delay to construction schedules".[8]. Have enough resources or basic services to provide for the entire population. In 2006 Most of land needed for games under public control and relocation sites agreed for those who have to move. There were also to be many upgrades to National Rail services with the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, a new high-speed rail link, several new stations and upgrades to stations such as King's Cross St Pancras. Outside of London the success was not universally welcomed, with fears that the event would divert funding from the rest of the country and that the rest of the United Kingdom would be forced to help fund it, for no benefit. Stratford, East London, rose during the Industrial Revolution but fell into decline when the city deindustrialised. The London Olympic Athletes Village is the largest sustainable homes project in the UK. As tension with the Soviet Union rose during the Cold War, a Royal Observer Corps (ROC) bunker was erected to watch over the British skies for any Soviet planes, bombs or missiles, Very limited. The site of the 2012 London Olympic Games Lower Lea Valley, Newham Borough (Stratford and New Town Ward), East London. Works at Stratford, with workers. But the . London's successful bid to host the 2012 Olympics has kick-started regeneration programmes in the area. The Illusory Economic Gains from Hosting the Olympics World Cup. Humble Beginnings Pre-Olympics, Stratford was viewed as being too far east to be considered a viable home for most businesses who operated from Central London. Before industrialisation, Stratford was an agricultural community. This meant that buildings would either be re-purposed on-site or moved to another location. Eventually, some 8,000 people will be able to live in the 5 new neighbourhoods created from the Olympic Parkland. The focus on sustainability across regeneration projects has increased as awareness of environmental issues, such as climate change, has increased. They are quite widely spread across central and west London: Three of the venues were just outside Greater London:[20]. With the purchase of a ticket, each person is entitled to free transportation on London's public transport system for that day. Amongst these is the fact that both areas went from economic prosperity into drastic economic decline and suffered from lowering environmental quality, high unemployment rates, dereliction and social problems. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Expenditure from overseas visitors in August, including Games ticket sales, totalled GBP 4.5 billion. The construction of all the buildings creates 1,500 jobs, with at least 30% of those for local residents. 2012 was about the Olympic Games and also about the Paralympic Games. The regeneration did not only change Stratford but also London in general. As part of the A Level course, it is important not only to understand what regeneration is and the impacts that it has, but also to put this into context. This was due to the plans that London put forward in regards to the games. Deindustrialisation and the closure of the Royal Docks. Part of the aims of the Olympics was to completely transform an area of East London that is lagging behind the rest, East London. Which 3 legacies were planned in the bidding process? moving away from fossil fuels and using renewable energy, such as solar and wind). The IOC evaluation commission chair Nawal El Moutawakel speaking at a press conference in London observed: "We could feel it, hear it and see it." After the games, they either got broken down or relocated to be used elsewhere. This led to the multiplier effect. 2000: Prime Minister's son arrested for drunkenness. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. Make sure that the regeneration project benefits everyone. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ott/overseas-travel-and-tourismmonthly-release/august-2012/index.html Also pretty strong, same basic source as above but with other links that might be useful. The charging stations continue to support emission-free travel long after the Games. Over the total period of the Olympics, some sources suggest the city brought in around US$3.5 billion in revenues, and spent in excess US$18 billion a negative balance of $14 billion plus (Zimbalist, 2015). The majority of venues were divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. People may move to rural areas to improve their health and mental well-being. The UK won the bid over Paris, New York City, Moscow and Madrid. This is because there is a pattern of town centres undergoing periods of economic decline, resulting in the urban challenges mentioned above. When Stratford was still a rural area, it was the centre for livestock that came from the surrounding areas for slaughter. As of the time of the bid, projections for the cost of the 2012 Olympics were low. The Olympic games had a relatively positive impact on the area, with new houses, shops, and schools. The leaders of the opposition parties also attended the meeting and expressed their support of the venture. Outline the political, social, economic and environmental reasons why London was chosen for the 2012 Games. Lots of great places to eat, drink, relax, and shop, Stratford is one of the best-connected areas of London. There are many areas that have been regenerated, the Tower Hamlets have had the most projects, whilst other areas such as Islington, Lambeth, Hackney and Southwark have also had many regeneration projects. Believed to be the biggest collection of discarded white goods in Europe, the pile. 4. Following the success of the bid, the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) was established to oversee the ongoing development of the games. The UKs Home Office (the ministry of the interior) invested GBP 40 million in communications upgrades for Londons Underground, doubling radio capacity at key stations to help authorities deal with any emergency. The River Zone featured five main venues in the Thames Gateway area straddling the River Thames: The Central Zone was formed out of all the remaining venues within Greater London. For the first time in any Games, live Olympic backdrop presentation facilities would be available to broadcast rights holders via rooftop studios on the main press centre with a direct view of the, The torch relay would highlight the "Olympic Truce" by passing through the countries of, The first chairman of the London Olympic Bid was airline executive, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 01:53. Social - new homes were built, with around 1/3 of those becoming more affordable. What does access look like? 2. The 2012 Olympic Games, including the Paralympics, brought much-needed regeneration to certain parts of London. Stratford lacked proper infrastructure, and the environmental quality was poor. It is now called the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. The containerised cargo was much more efficient for transporting goods, but it required larger ships. [30][31] and the London Organising Committee planned on selling a total of 6.5million (an 81% sellout) Olympic tickets, and a 63% sellout for Paralympic tickets. For the place chosen to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Regeneration through property development has the potential to create vibrant new communities. Why is regeneration needed geography? On 17 June 2005, British Prime Minister Tony Blair reiterated the Government's total commitment to London's bid for the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Zimbalist, 2018. Why was Stratford chosen for the Olympics? Stratford was and still is a deprived area. However, rural areas have seen a recent increase in population due to counter-urbanisation. Comparison had been drawn between the Manchester bid and this one, in terms of the amount of government support, and the overwhelmingly hostile attitude of the London-based press to Manchester's bid. When and why were the Manchester Docks built? Buildings that were going to get a new life after the Games were permanent buildings. Create and find flashcards in record time. Annual wages were low and unemployment was high. However, the criteria of the IOC included government support and public opinion, city infrastructure (such as transport), sports venues and experience, olympic village and accommodation, environmental impact and legacy, safety and security, and finance. 4. 2005: London to host 2012 Olympics. Many of the materials used for construction came from overseas rather than local businesses. The most prominent of these are arguably the processes of suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation. Construction of all of the buildings mentioned above created 1,500 jobs, with at least 30% of that workforce being local residents. It was changed to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Please view the Legacy Map to see the upgrades to the London Transport network in context. The area became more affluent, and therefore housing is still unaffordable for the poor(er) people in the community. Have all your study materials in one place. So what are some of the key characteristics of sustainable urban regeneration case studies? In order to create the site, 450 Housing Association flats, which is where the poorer people lived, were torn down. Also in the Cabinet would be an Olympic Security Committee to co-ordinate security planning. Why was Newham chosen for the Olympics? Prior to construction, the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA, 2015) excavated and cleaned more than 2.3 million cubic metres of contaminated soil. existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change on a long-term scale. Additionally there were concerns that unions, including the RMT, would strike near or during the proceedings for bonuses and that construction deadlines would not be met. 7km from the city of London Underdeveloped area (see Table 1, Photos 5 and 6). Following three consecutive unsuccessful UK bids to host summer Olympic Games (Birmingham for 1992 and Manchester for 1996 and 2000), the decision was made to bid with London, given the clear indication that it was the only UK city that had a chance of being selected by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) when put up against other world cities in a competitive bidding process. Remember to attempt a counter-argument and rebuttal, and that this is a formal letter so you should be using formal business language. For example, the Host Borough of Newham had 4,364 residents employed by LOCOG or by their contractors and a further 5,518 employed indirectly on the Games in the lead-up and at Games time. For comparison, the 2004 games in Athens cost around 7billion (US$13.5billion) and estimates for the 2008 games in Beijing run between 10billion and 20billion (US$19billion and US$39billion). Its demolition in 2007. Global Cities 2017. https://www.atkearney.com/global-cities/full-report Accessed 17 January 2018. 560million from IOC television and marketing deals. https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/1E506FE2-3179-439C-81F2-B43D0B97D058/0/CGT_NetRaising_8Olympicpresentation.pdf Accessed 17 January 2018. The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, in Portland Harbour, Dorset, on the south coast of England, would be used for the sailing events. During construction, much of the wildlife already there had to be relocated. It will be extended further northwards, with the legacy road cycling circuit straddling the A12 and extending into the old Eton Manor site, where the mountain biking area will be located. The initial estimate of GBP2.2bn was totally wrong and the games eventually cost around GBP10bn! Regeneration case studies help us to understand the different approaches to regeneration and see what impacts they have on the population and environment. [4], Overall, do you think that the Games were a success? The Olympic games had a relatively positive impact on the area, with new houses, shops, and schools. The area became more affluent, and therefore housing is still unaffordable for the poor(er) people in the community. Only 1 bus an hour from Monday to Saturday, Only 1 bus every 2 hours on Sunday. Through examining these three metrics, it is impossible to consider whether a regeneration case study has been a success or a failure. Fig. The purchased buildings were demolished to make way for Olympic venues and infrastructure improvements. How can regeneration solve urban problems? StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The construction took years, disrupting local communities. To measure the success of regeneration case studies, it is important to consider whether or not they have improved the area in the long-term, whether or not these improvements apply and are accessible to everyone and whether the future generation(s) and environment will be negatively implicated as a consequence of the regeneration. Following the success of the Industrial Revolution, the UK has since undergone mass deindustrialisation. [38], One of the priorities governing the contents of London's bid was to avoid leaving "white elephants" after the games. No. It was built in 1887 as a result of the Industrial Revolution and trade. Hit by de-industrialisation, the area received minimal investment but a creative spirit ran firmly through its communities. New wildlife habitats and green spaces have been created. The organising committee laid out the following figures: The revenue for the games was also projected: While this projection seemed reasonable, many were adamant about the actual costs. Why was Stratford regenerated? Why was Stratford chosen for the Olympic Park? Dugan, E. 2013. Stratford ultimately went from being a deprived community to a more affluent place to live. There are excellent schools. During the construction of the Olympics, there were very few jobs for local people. Ensure an acceptance of all people, regardless of background. Rather than being simply shown as a city- or country-wide bid, it suggested that the Olympics would have a lasting tangible impact on a deprived area of London, called Stratford. 560 million for new venues, including 250 million for the Olympic Stadium. It had one of the most deprived communities in the country, unemployment was high, and health levels were poor. Why was London chosen to host the 2012 Olympiad? The organiser proposed that 3,000 new permanent jobs would be created by this event. Athletes have been closely involved in the planning of the Olympic Village. By 2012, it was estimated that over 135,000hotel rooms would be available within 50kilometres of the Olympic Park, up from 103,000 at the time of the bid. Grade 9 - GSCEs 2019 Stratford Regeneration project (Olympics) - Paper 2 - Why Stratford was chosen - Why it needed regeneration - Advantages & Disadvantages of the regeneration 100% Money Back Guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached In order to win the bid for the Olympic Games, a lot of attention was paid to the aftermath of the games. Furthermore the cost of travelling and accommodation would rise across London which many thought would outprice tourists and leave many events under-attended. Which 3 legacies were planned in the bidding process? Stratford lacked proper infrastructure, and the environmental quality was poor. We will see a 1.1 billion 'culture boost' happening soon. This makes Stratford a good place to live. 62.88 25.49 13 items. Around 10 billion. The area chosen for the games was the Lower Lea Valley, which included Stratford. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Waterways were improved so they would be suited for the new Olympic Park. Fig. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. When all the criteria are met for cleanliness, water quality, and facilities. Accessed 17 January 2018. Air quality in London at proposed Games-time is generally satisfactory. It has an oceanic climate, which means mild summers, cool but cold winter and a relatively narrow annual temperature range. Affordable housing is still unaffordable for the poorest people in Newham. Green areas were created along the river banks. The bid team believed that London could end the Games with a surplus of more than 100million. Whilst the Olympic Park would undoubtedly leave a strong sporting and environmental legacy for London, the magnitude of the project, including the planned upgrade and expansion of transport infrastructure, would require careful planning to ensure all facilities and rehabilitation projects were completed on time. There was no confirmed link between the IOC decision and the attack,[5] which also coincided with the G8 Summit in Scotland. Explaining why so many radicals were drawn to the distant county, Issa says: "Essentially the region . (a) Yes (b) No (c) Maybe, Sustainable Development Goals: A Balloon Debate, How do you know that? Statford was a good place to choose for the Olympics because it is spacious and it has an effiecient transport system. Some examples of urban regeneration case studies include Stratford and Salford Quays. The improvements and upgrades made have made a lasting legacy impact. The River Lea, which runs through the Park, was improved, including its water quality. Stratford became one of the most deprived communities in the UK, with low-income families and high unemployment. 3 - Liveability can include how walkable or cyclable a place is. This includes 4,000 trees, 74,000 plants and 60,000 bulbs, and 300,000 wetland plants. Before construction, the site was a mixture of greenfield and brownfield land, and it included parts of the Hackney Marshes. 1. The Westfield Stratford shopping centre created 10,000 permanent new jobs from day one, including 2,000 for local people who were previously unemployed. For many years, it was one of the most deprived communities in the UK before it was revamped for the 2012 Olympic Games. The area was then underdeveloped, and thus a well-suited place to construct the village. She and her colleagues wished to continue serving food on the Olympic site but failed to win a contract. [41] It was also hoped that there will be a wider economic effect from the improvements which the games might make to London's image. When and where was Croyde first mentioned under the names Crideholde/Chrideholda? Stratford became one of the most deprived communities in the UK, with low-income families and high unemployment. http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/London_2012_Facts_and_Figures-eng.pdf Interesting facts in general. Sign up to highlight and take notes. This is partly due to Gentrification of the East Village as city workers move in. When the Olympics were hosted here, it caused Regeneration of the area. Have all your study materials in one place. This park was developed on existing waste and industrial land, at grid reference TQ379849, just seven minutes by Olympic Javelin train from central London. [1] Public transport, an aspect of the proposal which scored poorly for the bid, saw numerous improvements, including to the London Underground and the new "Olympic Javelin" service.[4]. (A TOK-able moment), The costs and benefits of hosting the Games, Case study: London Olympics 2012: Learning activities, https://d2rpq8wtqka5kg.cloudfront.net/129049/open20120701120000.pdf?Expires=1511793842&Signature=R043y307dmxOAQKbZckf67uuGsQhQUZ3~Fuml0zdCMn0Y2ZjYobP36CAdEROzjj4QvHUN0aFZKha~v7h8RAt1XLxQKkIZGyf6Z5h3N~U01FZv~N5u4gIXs~z43IkDQMr~1ShM9I4Px7hWR6~yG7TRi57jLt8x3Ti~2HiHGZYAiDpXP68St7EadjRxLr6HDZRtf-mOBRGCSKCxx7S-bhDyZWlDqR8kP4jayZQr7UtYoN-qSbdz6SqNBd3AIrQNhaCLp51mWZkSFex8XdXJblqSZDlAgdPYHvGLyD6wsZLSZAmvUE9MDQ4ol~SOhQ9qI9-zggFSUgaagHj1mPDR9Ak9A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJVGCNMR6FQV6VYIA, About (including cookies and data privacy issues), New article: urban deprivation in Nairobi, Youth engagement in sport was one of the pillars of Londons bit, Sustainability and legacy were pillars of Londons bid, Regeneration was emphasised as part of the bid: the IOC was shown photos of the derelict former industrial areas, The UK government had decided to focus its Olympic bids on London after failing to win the Games in 1992, 1996 and 2000 with bids from Birmingham and Manchester (two other major UK cities), Gender and age issues: most of those who spoke in the Paris presentation were male and middle aged; the London presentation included children and represented a multicultural London. Encourage the population to produce little waste and to manage the waste sustainably (e.g. Each apartment was billed to include Internet access and wireless networking and other state-of-the-art technology.[25]. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The Olympic stadium ended up costing almost 3 times more than initially estimated: 701 million. And many people don't know this but specifically Leamington Spa, just north of Stratford, attracted a lot of Confederates.". Currently, about 40% of the 2,818 houses will be affordable. The Royal Docks eventually closed to commercial traffic in late 1981. A fleet of 200 electric vehicles transported Olympians, supported by 120 charging stations that created the UKs largest network of recharging points. Following three consecutive unsuccessful UK bids to host summer Olympic Games (Birmingham for 1992 and . By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. With its rich history, the capacities of UK Paralympic Sport are among the best in the world. It contains the Olympic stadium, now known as the London Stadium, and the Olympic swimming pool together with the athletes' Olympic Village and . The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2. Whenever there was no plan for a specific venue, it would be built as a temporary one. In 1839, Stratford station was opened, and in 1847, a railway works and depot for engines and rolling stock was established. The Olympic and Paralympic Games inspired over 2,000 community projects designed to educate young people in the UK about sport, health & fitness, art and Olympic values. The Olympic site was mostly built on property that had been neglected, unused and contaminated. These ships could not navigate down as far as the Royal Docks. 1952: London's trams trundle into history. [32] Olympic tickets go on sale on 15 March 2011[33] and should remain on sale until the start of the event, depending on availability. Most of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been kept as parkland, and it is open to the public. rural areas have seen a recent increase in population due to counter-urbanisation. There are great places to live, such as The Stratford, a 42-storey tower with 248 rental flats and a sky garden. The organising committee planned some of the following legacies. Urban regeneration is when an urban area, such as a town or a city, is transformed by . The choice of Stratford in London The area chosen for the main Olympic facilities was a relatively deprived part of London: The area was therefore identifiably in need of regeneration and expected to benefit from improvements to infrastructure that would mean: Location of main venue just seven minutes by train from Central London Overall, the UK's share of manufacturing outputs had significantly dropped to 4.9% by 1973, which was even lower than the 9.5% in 1830, pre-Industrial Revolution. Environmental - Some of the ways the park is sustainable are walking routes, water-efficient design of homes, and protecting natural habitats. The following venues were built for these Games: After its reopening, it was given the name Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, although it is not an official Royal Park. [22], The committee outlined plans to donate the sports equipment used in the Games to sports clubs and charities in the United Kingdom. The site chosen covered parts of Stratford, Bow, Leyton and Hackney Wick in East London (figure 3). Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Will you pass the quiz? The city's regeneration helped to rebuild the area, but its impact adversely affected some of its population. The east side of the village would appear to be somewhat crowded. The (new) Westfield Stratford shopping centre houses 250 retailers, 70 dining establishments and represents a GBP 1.4 billion investment in East London. London has great wealth and experience in putting on large events and is used to welcoming visitors from around the world, so it was organisationally capable of running the Olympics. During these months the temperature is nice, and there is limited rainfall, It is one of the best spots in the UK to surf, Always swim between the flags as that is the safest spot. "I didn . [39], The Aquatics Centre after the games will include two 50-metre pools, a 25-metre diving pool and a fitness centre. Stratford (selected roles): Lucky (Waiting for Godot), Pompey (Measure for Measure), Uncle John (The Grapes of Wrath), Antigonus (The Winter's Tale), Senex (A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum), Richard Voss (The Physicists . Regeneration can solve help the urban problems such as taking derelict, polluted, brown-field places to be restored and used for new purposes. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}513246N 00046W / 51.54615N 0.01269W / 51.54615; -0.01269. Improving transport links while maintaining the natural beauty of places will be important. There are a lot of great places to eat, drink and relax, from cafes and restaurants to theatres. Many Londoners challenged the high cost of the Olympics and the 20 per year council tax rise to fund it as well as the possibility of white elephant sites like the Millennium Dome being left. Anonymous, no date. It was also proposed that the rivers in the area could be restored to make a beautiful Olympic Park. Do you consider that the Games were a sustainable event? Stratford, one of the country's most deprived areas, would become a "model for social inclusion", while millions of kids would take up sport for life. One important aspect of building the venues was to make them out of as much sustainable material as possible. Case studies are a good way of putting the concepts into the real world and seeing exactly how they work and what influences them. There is also the Westfield Stratford City shopping centre, the largest urban shopping mall in Europe. At time of the bid the following were the tentative completion dates for some of the remaining venues: Channel Tunnel/Stratford rail link (2007); Aquatics Centre and London Velopark (2008); East London line extension (2010); Olympic Stadium and Heathrow Terminal 5 final completion (2011). It was chosen from nine cities, with five shortlisted to make formal bids (Paris, Madrid, Moscow, London, and New York). Stratford is located in east London, about 7 miles northeast of Central London. Economic - due to improved infrastructure, it has better connections to the rest of London. via reusing and recycling). "The most important thing is to show people that the Government is absolutely behind the bid", said Mr Blair, who travelled to the Far East before returning to chair the 31st G8 summit at Gleneagles Hotel in Perthshire, Scotland. The Olympics brought more than 9bn of investment to east London, much of which went into transport. The festival is called GoldCoast OceanFest and it is held the weekend closest to the summer solstice. The planned transport legacy for the capital included new bus transit schemes, extensions to existing Underground lines, redevelopments of London Underground stations and upgrades to the trains used. In addition, several of the indoor arenas would be assembled elsewhere in the UK. How much did the regeneration of Stratford cost? More than 46,000 people worked on the Olympic Park and Olympic Village, 10 percent of whom were previously unemployed.
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