[38] He set up office at the Brown House, the Nazi Party headquarters in Munich. Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were murdered in gas vans at the Chemno extermination camp. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. Shot and wounded from a blast from a hand grenade, he died eight days later from blood poisoning by the metal fragments lodged is his body. Newspapers have carried strong editorials decrying his 'insensitivity' at wanting to restore a place 'from where orders for the deaths of thousands were given'. Lutze was appointed SA's new head and it was converted into a sports and training organisation. When Gring transferred full authority over the Gestapo to Himmler in April 1934, it immediately became an instrument of terror under the SS's purview. Heydrich also organized the Einsatzgruppen (deployment groups), mobile killing squads that murdered almost one million Soviet and Polish Jews in German-occupied territories. [124][125], In London, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile resolved to kill Heydrich. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. Some historians believe that the impracticality of this plan encouraged the Nazi course of mass murder. Rudolf Diels ( Berghausen, Renania 16 de diciembre de 1900 Katzenelnbogen, 18 de noviembre de 1957) fue un abogado y funcionario alemn que ejerci como primer lder de la Gestapo, en 1933-1934. [9] Reinhard was an altar boy, attending evening prayers and Mass every week with his mother as part of the Catholic minority in Halle. Do not sell or share my personal information. All the men were shot and the women and children were sent to concentration camps. According to Heydrich's estimate, between 4,000 and 5,000 people were arrested[94] and between 400 and 500 were executed by February 1942. [62], On 17 June 1936, all police forces throughout Germany were united, following Hitler's appointment of Himmler as Chief of German Police. Reinhard heydrich und die wannsee konferenz historia. [14] The household was strict. Right, his son Heider has said he wants to restore his father's castle outside Prague, Outrage: The upper castle at Panenske Brezany, near Prague. Son of Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth* Anna Heydrich (Krantz) Husband of Lina Mathilde Heydrich Father of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Heider Heydrich; Private and Private Brother of Maria Barthel and Heinz* Siegfried Heydrich Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was born March 7, 1904, into a Catholic family in the German city of Halle. Upon his arrival in Prague, Heydrich sought to eliminate opposition to the Nazi occupation by suppressing Czech culture and deporting and executing members of the Czech resistance. [47] Nazi Gauleiter Rudolf Jordan claimed Heydrich was not a pure Aryan. In September 1941 Heydrich had been appointed Reichsprotektor (governor) of Bohemia and Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). [102], The Czech workforce was exploited as Nazi-conscripted labour. WebTop Image: Entrance to the Memorial and Educational Site-House of the Wannsee Conference. Reinhard heydrich part iii codoh. With this appointment by Hitler, Himmler and his deputy, Heydrich, became two of the most powerful men in the internal administration of Germany. Heinz Heydrich was born in Halle an der Saale to composer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia He died on 4 June; an autopsy concluded that he died of sepsis. [160] His service record also gives him credit as a Navy Reserve Lieutenant, but in 1931 he was dismissed for conduct unbecoming an officer with loss of rank, and during World War II he had no contact with the Navy Reserve. By year's end there were over fifty camps. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 910 November 1938. As head of the Gestapo, Heydrich could incarcerate enemies of the Reich at will. [42], In January 1937, Heydrich directed the SD to secretly begin collecting and analysing public opinion and report back its findings. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. [158], Heydrich's time in the SS was a mixture of rapid promotions, reserve commissions in the regular armed forces, and front-line combat service. [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Klaus died from his injuries later that afternoon and his body was buried in the garden of the estate. [101] More than 100,000 workers were removed from "unsuitable" jobs and conscripted by the Ministry of Labour. [117] In May 1941 Heydrich drew up regulations with Quartermaster general Eduard Wagner for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which ensured that the Einsatzgruppen and army would co-operate in murdering Soviet Jews. Heydrich started his rule by terrorising the population: he proclaimed martial law, and 142 people were executed within five days of his arrival in Prague. [35][36] Lina ignored this message, packed Heydrich's suitcase, and sent him to Munich. The Nazis wiped out the town of Lidice, killing all the men and shipping women and children to concentration camps after Heydrich was assassinated in 1942. Heydrich rose rapidly through the ranks of the SD. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, Heydrich was appointed chief of the political department of the Munich police force, and he helped bring the political police forces throughout Germany under Himmlers control. By Lisette Allen 1st September 2017 The killing of Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Final Solution, was one of the greatest acts of wartime resistance in occupied Europe. [7] He returned to Hamburg with the good news. In early 1936, Heydrich left the Catholic Church in favour of the Gottglubig movement. [34], In 1936, Heydrich learned that a top-ranking Soviet officer was plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin. We had to deal with expelling immigrants and traitors. [38] Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn. Lina Heydrich (born Lina Mathilde von Osten; June 14, 1911 August 14, 1985) was the wife of assassinated SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, a central figure in Nazi Germany. Hitler's personal doctor Theodor Morell suggested the use of the new antibacterial drug sulfonamide, but Gebhardt thought that Heydrich would recover and declined the suggestion. [16] Manninen died in September 1969. Reinhard Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale, 20 miles northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.[134]. In 1933, Heydrich gathered some of his men from the SD and together they stormed police headquarters in Munich and took over the organisation using intimidation tactics. An entire village, Lidice, where the commandos were falsely alleged to have received help, was decimated. 1942), The History Learning Site - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Reinhard Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. [63] Himmler immediately reorganised the police into two groups: the Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo), consisting of both the national uniformed police and the municipal police, and the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo), consisting of the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police; Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo). [15] In Czechoslovakia, she was tried in absentia and sentenced to life imprisonment, which she evaded.[13]. Given his position, Heydrich was instrumental in carrying out these plans since his Gestapo was ready to organise deportations in the West and his Einsatzgruppen were already conducting extensive killing operations in the East. [100] Still, those measures could not hide shortages and increasing inflation; reports of growing discontent multiplied. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. [44] To mark the occasion of Heydrich's December wedding, Himmler promoted him to the rank of SS-Sturmbannfhrer (major). They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. She further won the right to receive a pension as the result of a series of court cases against the West German government in 1956 and 1959. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there; additionally, the Gestapo had found a resistance radio transmitter in Leky. [74] This action was to be coordinated among the representatives from the Nazi state agencies present at the meeting. [10], Lina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. Lina sold the other family properties, including the home in Berlin and the hunting lodge near Nauen. [52], Himmler began developing the notion of a Germanic religion and wanted SS members to leave the church. Holocaust of Non-Jewish Poles During WWII. Gregor Strasser passed the allegations on to the Nazi Party's racial expert, Achim Gercke, who investigated Heydrich's genealogy. [81] Soviet military prosecutors did not use SD forged documents against the generals in their secret trial; they instead relied on false confessions extorted or beaten out of the defendants. Himmler was so impressed that he hired Heydrich immediately as the chief of the new SS 'Ic Service' or Intelligence Service (which later became known as the Sicherheitsdienst (SD)). [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. Eberstein met Heydrich at the train station and took him to see Himmler. Highly-rated NFL prospect Will Levis puts MAYO in his coffee and eats overripe bananas with the skin ON, PICTURED: Glamorous trader's wife, 32, who blames the ROAD for her 100MPH fatal DWI crash into man who was catapulted 30ft by her Porsche as he walked with his OK Cupid date, 'I'm going to hit the roof with excitement! Thereafter, all adults in Leky were murdered. By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. [135] He was 38 years old. The attacks were carried out by SA stormtroopers and civilians and presaged the Holocaust. He returned to Berlin on 14 May after having crashed his plane on takeoff at Stavanger the previous day. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. Updates? Reinhard proudly showed off his baby daughter and they had a close relationship. The dismissal devastated Heydrich, who found himself without career prospects.[5]. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. [11], Their fourth child, a daughter named Marte (born 23 July 1942) was born shortly after Reinhard Heydrich's death. Lina persuaded Heydrich to look into the recently formed Schutzstaffel (SS) as a career option. [79] He discussed the matter with Himmler and both in turn brought it to Hitler's attention. These included the German Order,[167] Blood Order,[136] Golden Party Badge, Luftwaffe Pilot's Badge, bronze and silver Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for combat missions, and the Iron Cross First and Second Classes.[163]. [61] His wife, Lina, had already done so the year before. Omissions? Lina's older brother Hans had joined the Nazi Party and was a member of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Nazi intelligence falsely linked the Czech and Slovak soldiers and resistance partisans to the villages of Lidice and Leky. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. On 29 November 1939, Heydrich issued a cable about the "Evacuation of New Eastern Provinces", detailing the deportation of people by railway to concentration camps, and giving guidance surrounding the December 1939 census, which would be the basis on which those deportations were performed. Outrage is growing in the Czech Republic after the son of the country's bloodthirsty Nazi leader said he wanted to restore the castle where his father lived during the Second World War. After Heydrich's funeral in Berlin - the biggest of its kind in Nazi Germany - he and his mother continued to live in the castle until approaching Red Army troops forced them in 1945 to head back into Germany, where he now lives. Heydrich was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle, Germany. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. [100] The black market was suppressed. Immediately after the arrests have been carried out, the appropriate concentration camps should be contacted to place the Jews into camps as quickly as possible. [76] The title of Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Chief of Security Police and SD) or CSSD was conferred on Heydrich on 1 October. I see it as a form of compensation, an apology for the crimes for which his father had to answer.'. An individual portrait of Reinhard Heydrich [FHM 2002.001.035] is also part of the Perpetrators series. Reinhard Heydrich nel 1940.. L'ideologia delle SS fu costruita e plasmata in base all'ideologia nazista: il punto focale fu la teoria della razza nordica superiore e dell'inferiorit delle altre razze. [46] Wilhelm Canaris said he had obtained copies of documents proving Heydrich's Jewish ancestry. [4], In 1931, he was charged with "conduct unbecoming to an officer and gentleman" for breaking an engagement promise to a woman he had known for six months before the engagement to Lina. Eberstein met Heydrich at the railway station and took him to see Himmler. [37][38], Although the starting monthly salary of 180 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 679 in 2021) was low, Heydrich decided to take the job because Lina's family supported the Nazi movement, and the quasi-military and revolutionary nature of the post appealed to him. Heydrich was friends with Abraham Lichtenstein, son of the cantor. Heydrich chaired the notorious Wannsee Conference (January 20, 1942), whose participants discussed the logistics of the final solution.. Himmler gave the eulogy. [51] The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933. Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 to a middle-class family in Munich, Germany. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war. Under Defense Minister Gustav Noske's directives, a right-wing paramilitary unit was formed and ordered to "recapture" Halle. His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer. [a] The decree remained in effect after Heydrich's death. 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According to Czech historians, during the first martial law period (from 28 September 1941 until 20 January 1942), 486 people were executed. He was also a major in the Luftwaffe, flying nearly 100 combat missions until 22 July 1941, when his plane was hit by Soviet anti-aircraft fire. Reinhard Klaus On 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, Heydrich fell into a coma and never regained consciousness. Heydrich, pictured above on the left, was assassinated in 1942 by Czech commandos trained by Britain as he drove to Prague. [53] Himmler named Heydrich to head the Gestapo on 22 April 1934. None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Final Solution.. It was from the castle that Heydrich, who chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin that signed off the Holocaust programme, plotted SS round-ups of resisters. Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. Reinhard passed away on June 4 1942, at age 38 in Prague. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. Heydrich was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. [92] Although small disorganised cells of Central Leadership of Home Resistance (stedn veden odboje domcho, VOD) survived, only the communist resistance was able to function in a coordinated manner (although it also suffered arrests). Acting on the advice of his associate Karl von Eberstein, a friend of the Heydrich family, Himmler agreed to interview Heydrich, but cancelled their appointment at the last minute. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Reinhard-Heydrich, Jewish Virtual Library - Reinhard Heydrich, HistoryNet - Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Reinhard Heydrich: In Depth, GlobalSecurity.org - Reinhard Heydrich (7. The government had previously declined to pay because of Heydrich's role in the Holocaust. Reinhard married Lina Heydrich on December 26 1931, at age 27. [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, now known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish question"the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Historians regard Heydrich as the most fearsome member of the Nazi elite. The grave of Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi official, was dug up Dec. 12 in Berlin. Heydrich was mortally wounded in Prague on 27 May 1942 as a result of Operation Anthropoid. [21] Heydrich stated he joined the Deutschvlkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund (National German Protection and Shelter League), an antisemitic organisation. [2][3], On 6 December 1930, aged 19, she attended a rowing-club ball in Kiel and met then Naval Lieutenant Heydrich there. He was a key organiser of the Holocaust, the head of the dreaded security section (SD) of the SS and tipped to one day succeed Hitler as Fuehrer. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The following year, Heydrich's SD was given responsibility for carrying out the Nacht und Nebel (Night-and-Fog) decree. The government had previously declined to pay due to Heydrich's role in the Holocaust. He was later executed in retaliation for Heydrich's assassination. [10] He engaged his younger brother, Heinz, in mock fencing duels. WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). Kubi received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. Reinhard Heydrich. The son was only ten years old when he left Panenske Brezany at the end of World War Two, so he did not know what war was then.'. [13], In recognition of her husband's service to the Nazi cause, Hitler gave to Lina the country estate of Jungfern-Breschan in rural Bohemia. Berlin police are trying to find out who opened the unmarked grave of SS officer Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi killed by Czechoslovak agents in 1942. 'He offered to help gain money for it, for instance, via the European Union.